Early Versions of Clickers?

I have (indirectly) disturbed Bill McKeachie.  Last month, I mentioned here that James Rhem interviewed me for a lead article in the National Teaching & Learning Forum newsletter he edits.  That article has recently been reproduced on the Tomorrow’s Professor Blog.  One way or another, Bill McKeachie, author of the well-known McKeachie’s Teaching Tips, read the article.  He emailed a response to James Rhem, who forwarded the email me.  McKeachie writes:

I’m always disturbed when I read an article about clickers and no mention is made of Dick Brandt, Professor of Physics here at Michigan, who introduced clickers in his classes in the late 1940’s or early 1950’s.  I think that was the origin of the idea.

I’ll admit I’m not a clickers historian.  I’ve focused my energies on best practices with the current technology and haven’t read much about early versions of clickers.  However, I’m not familiar with Dick Brandt’s work, nor is his work mentioned in the histories of clickers with which I’m familiar, notably Judson and Sawada, 2002.

Have you heard of Dick Brandt’s work?  Before I ask Bill McKeachie if he has a reference to which he can point me, I thought I might query my blog readers.  Judson and Sawada point to some early wired classroom response systems in the 1960s and 70s, as well as some wired systems the United States military used with filmed instructional material.  Does anyone know of use of classroom response systems in colleges or universities prior to the 60s?